Euro area government deficit at 3.0% and EU at 3.1% of GDP
Source: Eurostat, ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Reproduced unchanged under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. Original document ↗
Overview
In the euro area (EA20) the government deficit to GDP ratio remained unchanged at 3.0% in 2024 and 2025. In the EU, it also remained unchanged at 3.1%, the same level as in 2024. In the euro area the government debt to GDP ratio increased from 86.6% at the end of 2024 to 87.7% at the end of 2025, and in the EU from 80.3% to 81.5%.
In this release, Eurostat, the statistical office of the European Union, is providing government deficit and debt data for the years 2022-2025, based on figures reported by EU Member States in the second notification in 2026, for the application of the excessive deficit procedure (EDP). This notification is based on the ESA 2010 system of national accounts. This release also includes data on government expenditure and revenue.
Deficit and debt data for Euro area and EU |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
||
Euro area 20 |
|||||
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
13 781 200 |
14 706 360 |
15 327 128 |
15 876 784 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-463 598 |
-503 008 |
-466 739 |
-475 818 |
% of GDP |
-3.4 |
-3.4 |
-3.0 |
-3.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
49.8 |
49.2 |
49.3 |
49.8 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.4 |
45.8 |
46.2 |
46.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
12 288 103 |
12 751 660 |
13 266 075 |
13 921 773 |
% of GDP |
89.2 |
86.7 |
86.6 |
87.7 |
|
Euro area 21 |
|||||
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
13 867 536 |
14 801 461 |
15 432 407 |
15 993 333 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-466 126 |
-504 891 |
-469 931 |
-480 482 |
% of GDP |
-3.4 |
-3.4 |
-3.0 |
-3.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
49.7 |
49.2 |
49.2 |
49.7 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.4 |
45.7 |
46.1 |
46.7 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
12 307 450 |
12 773 328 |
13 291 045 |
13 956 565 |
% of GDP |
88.8 |
86.3 |
86.1 |
87.3 |
|
EU |
|||||
GDP market prices (mp) |
(million euro) |
16 191 969 |
17 299 254 |
18 131 205 |
18 884 567 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-507 477 |
-582 923 |
-566 571 |
-592 233 |
% of GDP |
-3.1 |
-3.4 |
-3.1 |
-3.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
% of GDP |
49.1 |
48.8 |
48.9 |
49.4 |
Government revenue |
% of GDP |
46.0 |
45.4 |
45.8 |
46.3 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
13 318 307 |
13 897 281 |
14 550 735 |
15 386 675 |
% of GDP |
82.3 |
80.3 |
80.3 |
81.5 |
|
|
|||||
In 2025, all Member States, except Cyprus (+3.6%), Denmark (+2.9%), Greece (+2.0%), Ireland (+1.8%) and Portugal (+0.7%), reported a deficit. The highest deficits were recorded in Romania (‑7.8%), Poland (-7.2%), Belgium (-5.2%) and France (‑5.1%). Eleven Member States had deficits equal to or higher than 3% of GDP.
At the end of 2025, the lowest ratios of government debt to GDP were recorded in Estonia (24.0%), Luxembourg (26.0%), Denmark (27.2%), Bulgaria (29.9%), Ireland (34.8%), Sweden (35.1%) and Lithuania (39.3%). Twelve Member States had government debt ratios higher than 60% of GDP, with the highest registered in Greece (145.4%), Italy (136.7%), France (115.7%), Belgium (108.1%) and Spain (100.5%).
In 2025, the government total expenditure to GDP ratio in the euro area stood at 49.8% of GDP and the government total revenue to GDP ratio stood at 46.8%. The figures for the EU were 49.4% and 46.3%, respectively. Government revenue and expenditure ratios increased both in the euro area and the EU compared to 2024.
Reservations on reported data
Eurostat is expressing a reservation on the quality of data reported by Bulgaria for 2025. Eurostat is discussing with the Bulgarian statistical authorities the appropriate national accounts recording of some operations of the Road Infrastructure Agency (RIA) ( Агенция Пътна инфраструктура). This will require additional data from the national authorities. Bulgaria is currently recording these amounts as impacting the 2025 deficit by 0.6% of GDP.
Amendment by Eurostat to reported data
Eurostat has made no amendments to the data reported by Member States.
Tables
GDP, government deficit/surplus and debt in the EU |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 |
2023 |
2024 |
2025 |
||
Belgium |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
561 690 |
603 142 |
619 368 |
640 853 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-19 889 |
-24 820 |
-27 242 |
-33 423 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.5 |
-4.1 |
-4.4 |
-5.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
52.5 |
52.7 |
54.1 |
54.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
48.9 |
48.6 |
49.7 |
49.2 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
580 379 |
617 215 |
644 027 |
692 832 |
(% of GDP) |
103.3 |
102.3 |
104.0 |
108.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
8 567 |
8 357 |
8 059 |
7 808 |
(% of GDP) |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
Bulgaria |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
86 336 |
95 101 |
105 279 |
116 549 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-2 528 |
-1 884 |
-3 191 |
-4 664 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.9 |
-2.0 |
-3.0 |
-4.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
41.2 |
38.6 |
39.0 |
42.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
38.3 |
36.6 |
36.0 |
38.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
19 355 |
21 675 |
24 977 |
34 797 |
(% of GDP) |
22.4 |
22.8 |
23.7 |
29.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Czechia |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million CZK) |
7 049 872 |
7 659 655 |
8 069 326 |
8 573 124 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million CZK) |
-213 884 |
-282 814 |
-159 222 |
-185 469 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.0 |
-3.7 |
-2.0 |
-2.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.2 |
44.0 |
43.1 |
43.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
40.2 |
40.3 |
41.2 |
41.1 |
Government debt |
(million CZK) |
2 997 632 |
3 234 102 |
3 488 500 |
3 787 253 |
(% of GDP) |
42.5 |
42.2 |
43.2 |
44.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million CZK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Denmark* |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million DKK) |
2 831 270 |
2 781 328 |
2 985 555 |
3 118 538 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million DKK) |
95 960 |
97 513 |
122 905 |
90 224 |
(% of GDP) |
3.4 |
3.5 |
4.1 |
2.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
45.1 |
47.5 |
46.5 |
47.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
48.5 |
51.0 |
50.6 |
: |
Government debt |
(million DKK) |
944 746 |
917 359 |
892 772 |
847 653 |
(% of GDP) |
33.4 |
33.0 |
29.9 |
27.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million DKK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Germany |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
4 010 630 |
4 254 930 |
4 386 940 |
4 529 710 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-74 296 |
-94 986 |
-119 146 |
-132 104 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.9 |
-2.2 |
-2.7 |
-2.9 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
48.3 |
47.7 |
49.0 |
50.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
46.5 |
45.5 |
46.2 |
47.2 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 569 655 |
2 630 765 |
2 694 319 |
2 845 970 |
(% of GDP) |
64.1 |
61.8 |
61.4 |
62.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
66 900 |
65 755 |
62 928 |
60 967 |
(% of GDP) |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
|
Estonia |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
36 443 |
38 158 |
39 883 |
41 875 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-373 |
-1 046 |
-652 |
-839 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.0 |
-2.7 |
-1.6 |
-2.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
40.0 |
43.2 |
44.2 |
45.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
38.9 |
40.5 |
42.6 |
43.6 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
6 965 |
7 736 |
9 359 |
10 046 |
(% of GDP) |
19.1 |
20.3 |
23.5 |
24.0 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
482 |
481 |
481 |
481 |
(% of GDP) |
1.3 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Ireland |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
523 248 |
520 792 |
561 940 |
602 441 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
8 609 |
7 582 |
23 433 |
10 667 |
(% of GDP) |
1.6 |
1.5 |
4.2 |
1.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
20.5 |
22.4 |
22.4 |
22.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
22.1 |
23.8 |
26.5 |
24.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
223 696 |
219 261 |
215 571 |
209 923 |
(% of GDP) |
42.8 |
42.1 |
38.4 |
34.8 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
284 |
1 249 |
197 |
3 673 |
(% of GDP) |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.6 |
|
Greece |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
207 020 |
225 058 |
237 706 |
249 726 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-5 496 |
-3 325 |
3 326 |
4 935 |
(% of GDP) |
-2.7 |
-1.5 |
1.4 |
2.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
53.2 |
49.5 |
47.8 |
47.8 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
50.5 |
48.0 |
49.2 |
49.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
368 005 |
369 110 |
364 960 |
362 995 |
(% of GDP) |
177.8 |
164.0 |
153.5 |
145.4 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Spain |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
1 375 863 |
1 496 277 |
1 598 588 |
1 690 012 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-63 105 |
-50 027 |
-50 807 |
-40 641 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.6 |
-3.3 |
-3.2 |
-2.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
46.3 |
45.5 |
45.4 |
45.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.7 |
42.1 |
42.2 |
42.9 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
1 504 105 |
1 575 377 |
1 620 578 |
1 698 355 |
(% of GDP) |
109.3 |
105.3 |
101.4 |
100.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
29 329 |
28 608 |
27 589 |
26 702 |
(% of GDP) |
2.1 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
|
France |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
2 653 997 |
2 833 826 |
2 935 236 |
2 991 056 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-125 896 |
-151 920 |
-169 118 |
-151 592 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.7 |
-5.4 |
-5.8 |
-5.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
58.4 |
56.8 |
57.0 |
57.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
53.7 |
51.4 |
51.2 |
52.2 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 955 639 |
3 103 248 |
3 306 097 |
3 460 111 |
(% of GDP) |
111.4 |
109.5 |
112.6 |
115.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
50 228 |
48 993 |
47 248 |
45 776 |
(% of GDP) |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Croatia |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
68 149 |
79 840 |
87 259 |
94 026 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
10 |
-947 |
-2 141 |
-2 827 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
-1.2 |
-2.5 |
-3.0 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
44.8 |
46.3 |
47.8 |
49.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
44.8 |
45.1 |
45.3 |
46.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
46 347 |
48 264 |
49 285 |
52 371 |
(% of GDP) |
68.0 |
60.5 |
56.5 |
55.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Italy |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
1 998 269 |
2 141 761 |
2 210 595 |
2 265 003 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-161 186 |
-151 966 |
-74 835 |
-69 736 |
(% of GDP) |
-8.1 |
-7.1 |
-3.4 |
-3.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
54.9 |
53.6 |
50.3 |
51.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
46.8 |
46.5 |
46.9 |
48.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
2 764 638 |
2 870 273 |
2 967 833 |
3 097 093 |
(% of GDP) |
138.4 |
134.0 |
134.3 |
136.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
44 122 |
43 037 |
41 503 |
40 211 |
(% of GDP) |
2.2 |
2.0 |
1.9 |
1.8 |
|
Cyprus |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
29 697 |
33 144 |
36 298 |
38 314 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
795 |
553 |
1 445 |
1 360 |
(% of GDP) |
2.7 |
1.7 |
4.0 |
3.6 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
37.7 |
39.8 |
36.7 |
37.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
40.4 |
41.4 |
40.7 |
41.5 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
23 745 |
23 056 |
21 814 |
20 053 |
(% of GDP) |
80.0 |
69.6 |
60.1 |
52.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
355 |
343 |
327 |
312 |
(% of GDP) |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
|
Latvia |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
36 017 |
39 475 |
41 108 |
43 649 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 712 |
-882 |
-745 |
-1 085 |
(% of GDP) |
-4.8 |
-2.2 |
-1.8 |
-2.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
44.0 |
43.3 |
44.7 |
45.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.2 |
41.0 |
42.9 |
42.8 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
16 024 |
17 570 |
18 796 |
20 153 |
(% of GDP) |
44.5 |
44.5 |
45.7 |
46.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Lithuania |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
65 590 |
75 539 |
79 792 |
85 112 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-352 |
-563 |
-1 025 |
-1 498 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-1.3 |
-1.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
37.5 |
36.9 |
39.3 |
41.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
37.0 |
36.2 |
38.0 |
39.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
25 855 |
27 716 |
30 123 |
33 455 |
(% of GDP) |
39.4 |
36.7 |
37.8 |
39.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Luxembourg |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
76 731 |
82 115 |
87 320 |
91 342 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
198 |
-607 |
513 |
-1 604 |
(% of GDP) |
0.3 |
-0.7 |
0.6 |
-1.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
45.0 |
47.3 |
46.8 |
48.7 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
45.2 |
46.6 |
47.3 |
46.9 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
19 133 |
20 284 |
22 643 |
23 749 |
(% of GDP) |
24.9 |
24.7 |
25.9 |
26.0 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
617 |
602 |
580 |
562 |
(% of GDP) |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
|
Hungary |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million HUF) |
65 914 002 |
75 333 227 |
81 506 281 |
87 307 647 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million HUF) |
-4 101 400 |
-5 252 876 |
-4 185 561 |
-4 144 995 |
(% of GDP) |
-6.2 |
-7.0 |
-5.1 |
-4.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.1 |
49.6 |
47.2 |
47.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
42.9 |
42.7 |
42.1 |
42.9 |
Government debt |
(million HUF) |
48 854 838 |
55 132 774 |
59 866 586 |
64 923 071 |
(% of GDP) |
74.1 |
73.2 |
73.5 |
74.4 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million HUF) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Malta |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
18 028 |
20 915 |
23 079 |
24 664 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-952 |
-928 |
-815 |
-506 |
(% of GDP) |
-5.3 |
-4.4 |
-3.5 |
-2.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
38.3 |
35.8 |
37.4 |
37.1 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
33.0 |
31.4 |
33.9 |
35.1 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
9 040 |
9 818 |
10 621 |
11 410 |
(% of GDP) |
50.1 |
46.9 |
46.0 |
46.3 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
223 |
218 |
210 |
203 |
(% of GDP) |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
|
Netherlands |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
993 820 |
1 050 133 |
1 115 252 |
1 170 579 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
41 |
-3 612 |
-8 075 |
-18 895 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
-0.3 |
-0.7 |
-1.6 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.3 |
44.0 |
44.6 |
45.2 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
43.3 |
43.7 |
43.9 |
43.6 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
481 198 |
481 635 |
491 251 |
523 720 |
(% of GDP) |
48.4 |
45.9 |
44.0 |
44.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
14 086 |
13 740 |
13 850 |
12 837 |
(% of GDP) |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
|
Austria |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
449 385 |
479 908 |
499 950 |
518 196 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-15 325 |
-12 249 |
-22 953 |
-21 372 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.4 |
-2.6 |
-4.6 |
-4.1 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
53.0 |
52.1 |
54.6 |
54.6 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
49.6 |
49.5 |
50.1 |
50.4 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
351 144 |
371 618 |
395 047 |
418 374 |
(% of GDP) |
78.1 |
77.4 |
79.0 |
80.7 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
6 858 |
6 689 |
6 451 |
6 250 |
(% of GDP) |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
|
Poland |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million PLN) |
3 100 850 |
3 415 274 |
3 669 531 |
3 915 394 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million PLN) |
-104 475 |
-177 442 |
-236 562 |
-283 615 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.4 |
-5.2 |
-6.4 |
-7.2 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.2 |
46.9 |
49.2 |
50.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
39.9 |
41.7 |
42.8 |
43.6 |
Government debt |
(million PLN) |
1 512 812 |
1 691 261 |
2 012 620 |
2 335 137 |
(% of GDP) |
48.8 |
49.5 |
54.8 |
59.6 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million PLN) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Portugal |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
243 957 |
270 353 |
291 153 |
308 538 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-757 |
3 030 |
2 107 |
2 045 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.3 |
1.1 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.9 |
42.0 |
42.2 |
42.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
43.6 |
43.2 |
42.9 |
43.0 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
271 358 |
261 889 |
270 859 |
275 075 |
(% of GDP) |
111.2 |
96.9 |
93.0 |
89.2 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
953 |
852 |
701 |
602 |
(% of GDP) |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
|
Romania |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million RON) |
1 378 461 |
1 587 957 |
1 767 517 |
1 929 930 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million RON) |
-90 035 |
-105 087 |
-161 734 |
-149 731 |
(% of GDP) |
-6.5 |
-6.6 |
-9.2 |
-7.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
41.1 |
41.2 |
43.2 |
43.4 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
34.6 |
34.5 |
34.0 |
35.6 |
Government debt |
(million RON) |
665 491 |
784 235 |
964 808 |
1 137 587 |
(% of GDP) |
48.3 |
49.4 |
54.6 |
58.9 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million RON) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
Slovenia |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
56 901 |
64 119 |
67 478 |
71 171 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 714 |
-1 652 |
-572 |
-1 812 |
(% of GDP) |
-3.0 |
-2.6 |
-0.8 |
-2.5 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
47.6 |
46.4 |
46.4 |
48.9 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
44.6 |
43.9 |
45.6 |
46.3 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
41 395 |
43 739 |
44 755 |
46 332 |
(% of GDP) |
72.7 |
68.2 |
66.3 |
65.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 161 |
1 133 |
1 092 |
1 058 |
(% of GDP) |
2.0 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
|
Slovakia |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
110 099 |
124 141 |
132 032 |
138 735 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-1 722 |
-6 573 |
-7 162 |
-6 146 |
(% of GDP) |
-1.6 |
-5.3 |
-5.4 |
-4.4 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
43.0 |
48.1 |
46.8 |
47.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
41.5 |
42.8 |
41.3 |
42.9 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
63 508 |
68 882 |
77 728 |
83 957 |
(% of GDP) |
57.7 |
55.5 |
58.9 |
60.5 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
1 978 |
1 973 |
1 971 |
1 955 |
(% of GDP) |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Finland |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million euro) |
265 669 |
272 735 |
276 151 |
281 783 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million euro) |
-477 |
-8 069 |
-12 277 |
-10 745 |
(% of GDP) |
-0.2 |
-3.0 |
-4.4 |
-3.8 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
52.7 |
56.1 |
57.9 |
57.5 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
52.5 |
53.1 |
53.4 |
53.7 |
Government debt |
(million euro) |
196 844 |
210 542 |
227 752 |
249 225 |
(% of GDP) |
74.1 |
77.2 |
82.5 |
88.4 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million euro) |
4 429 |
4 320 |
4 166 |
4 036 |
(% of GDP) |
1.7 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
|
Sweden |
|||||
GDP mp |
(million SEK) |
5 816 415 |
6 143 187 |
6 443 039 |
6 644 105 |
Government deficit (-) / surplus (+) |
(million SEK) |
58 367 |
-60 492 |
-99 904 |
-103 099 |
(% of GDP) |
1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.6 |
-1.6 |
|
Government expenditure |
(% of GDP) |
49.4 |
50.2 |
50.0 |
49.3 |
Government revenue |
(% of GDP) |
50.4 |
49.2 |
48.5 |
47.8 |
Government debt |
(million SEK) |
2 001 889 |
1 982 688 |
2 190 796 |
2 330 763 |
(% of GDP) |
34.4 |
32.3 |
34.0 |
35.1 |
|
memo: intergovernmental lending |
(million SEK) |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
(% of GDP) |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
|
*While the surplus (+) figures for Denmark for 2024 and 2025 are correct, the data for total revenue in 2025 was not provided to be in line with the government surplus (+) reported under the EDP. The difference reflects the recording of a correction of dividends.
|
|||||
Notes for users
Revisions and timetable
In the previous provision of data for the excessive deficit procedure, the 2025 government deficit for the euro area (EA20) was 2.9% of GDP, for the EU it was 3.1% of GDP, and the government debt was 87.8% of GDP for the euro area and 81.7% for the EU. See News release of 22 April 2026.
Methods and definitions
According to Article 14 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, Eurostat publishes the actual government deficit and debt data for the application of the Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure, within three weeks after the reporting deadlines.
The Protocol on the excessive deficit procedure annexed to the EC Treaty, defines government deficit (surplus) as the net borrowing (net lending) of the whole general government sector (central government, state government, local government and social security funds). It is calculated according to national accounts concepts (European System of Accounts, ESA 2010). Government debt (commonly known as Maastricht or EDP debt) is the consolidated gross debt of the whole general government sector outstanding at the end of the year (at nominal value).
Table of euro area and EU aggregates: the data are in euro. For those countries not belonging to the euro area, the rate of conversion into euro is as follows:
- for deficit / surplus and GDP data, the annual average exchange rate;
- for the stock of government debt, the end of year exchange rate.
Table of national data: the data are in national currencies.
General government total expenditure and revenue are reported to Eurostat under the ESA 2010 transmission programme. They cover non-financial transactions of general government, and include both current and capital transactions. For definitions, see Regulation (EU) No 549/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on the European system of national and regional accounts in the European Union.
Intergovernmental lending
For the purpose of consolidation of general government debt in European aggregates and to provide users with information, Eurostat is collecting and publishing data on government loans to other EU governments, including those made through the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF). For the years 2022 to 2025 the intergovernmental lending figures relate mainly to lending to Greece, Ireland and Portugal.
Reservations and amendments
The term “reservations” is defined in article 15 (1) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009. The Commission (Eurostat) expresses reservations when it has doubts on the quality of the reported data.
According to Article 15 (2) of Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, the Commission (Eurostat) may amend actual data reported by Member States and provide the amended data and a justification of the amendment where there is evidence that actual data reported by Member States do not comply with the quality requirements (compliance with accounting rules, completeness, reliability, timeliness and consistency of statistical data).
Geographical information
Up to 31 December 2025, the euro area included Belgium, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal, Slovenia, Slovakia and Finland (EA20). From 1 January 2026, the euro area also includes Bulgaria (EA21).
The aggregate data series commented on in this Euro indicator release refer to the official composition of the euro area in the most recent period for which data are available. Thus, Euro indicator releases with data up to 2025 comment on EA20 series, while releases with data for 2026 onwards will comment on EA21 series.
The European Union includes Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Croatia, Italy, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland and Sweden (EU27).
For more information
For further information on the methodology of statistics reported under the excessive deficit procedure, please see the Eurostat publication "Manual on Government Deficit and Debt - Implementation of ESA 2010 - 2022 edition", published in February 2023.
Note on main revisions: Eurostat publishes on its website a note containing specific explanations of the largest revisions in deficit and debt for 2022-2025 between the April and October 2026 notifications, as well as in GDP.
Background note and supplementary tables on government interventions to support financial institutions: Eurostat publishes supplementary tables by Member State on the impact of the government support to financial institutions on its website. Eurostat also publishes a background note providing further information on the supplementary tables, including summary tables for the EU and the euro area. Table 2 of the background note shows government deficit/surplus data for 2024 and 2025 excluding the impacts of government interventions to support financial institutions. It should be noted that this adjusted measure of government deficit/surplus is only intended to be an improvement in the presentation of data for users.
Stock of liabilities of trade credits and advances: Eurostat publishes on its website, as complementary information on government liabilities, data on trade credits and advances, as reported by Member States for the years 2022 to 2025. According to Council Regulation (EC) 479/2009, the liabilities in trade credits and advances of government units are not part of EDP debt.
Stock-flow adjustment: Eurostat also publishes a note on the stock-flow adjustment which presents the contribution of deficit/surplus as well as other relevant factors to the variation in the debt level.
Eurostat will also be releasing information on the underlying government sector accounts on the government finance and EDP statistics section on its website.
Source: Eurostat, ec.europa.eu/eurostat. Original document ↗